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1.
Concentric circles : Two or more circles are said to be concentric if
they have same centre and different radii. In the adjoining figure, 0
is the centre of each circle drawn; so the circles are called concentric
circles.
2. Equal circles : Circles are said to be equal or congruent if they
have equal radii.
3. Circumscribed circle : A circle that passes through all the vertices
of a polygon is called the circumscribed circle. The centre of
circumscribed circle is called circumcentre and the polygon is called
incribed polygon. See below :
4. Inscribed circle : A circle that touches all the sides of a polygon
is called the inscribed circle j(or, in-circle) of the polygon. The
centre of inscribed circle is called incentre and the polygon is called
circumscribed polygon.
5. Chord : The line segment, joining any two points on the circumference
of the circle, is called a chord. A chord, which passes through the
centre of the circle is called diameter, and is the largest chord of the
circle.
Arc and its types : An arc is a part of the circumference of a circle. A
chord divides the circumference of a circle into two parts and each
part is called an arc. In the figure, given alongside, chord AB divides
the circumference into two unequal arcs APB and AQB. The arc APB, which
is less than the semi-circle, is called minor arc and the arc AQB, which
is greater than the semi-circle, is called major arc.
Segment and relation between arcs and segments : A segment is the part
of a circle bounded by an arc and a chord.